The idea of "holiness" is central to religion, but it is also one of the hardest concepts to define. In Judaism, the word kodesh, the Hebrew word for "holy," appears hundreds of times throughout Tanakh and the Talmud. It also appears in ancient Near Eastern contexts, throughout rabbinic literature, and is used throughout the Middle Ages and into modern times. Is "holiness" a synonym for Godliness, one of God's attributes, or does it have independent...