The diaries of Muhammad 'Ali Effendi Sa'udi, a civil servant and accomplished photographer, offer a rare glimpse of the Hajj through Egyptian eyes at the beginning of the twentieth century when the Ottoman Empire was on the wane and the advance of the Hijaz railway threatened to upset vested interests in the old pattern of pilgrimage.
Sa'udi twice accompanied the Amir al-Hajj, Ibrahim Rif'at Pasha, attached to the official Egyptian caravan...
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