1920: The Year of the Six Presidents

by David Pietrusza and David Pietrusza

Book Overview

The presidential election of 1920 was one of the most dramatic ever. For the only time in the nation's history, six once-and-future presidents hoped to end up in the White House: Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Theodore Roosevelt. It was an election that saw unprecedented levels of publicity -- the Republicans outspent the Democrats by 4 to 1 -- and it was the first to garner extensive...

• Format: Paperback
• Language: English
• ISBN: 0786721022
• ISBN13: 9780786721023
• Release Date: April 2008
• Publisher: Basic Books
• Length: 592 Pages
• Weight: 1.65 lbs.
• Dimensions: 1.6" x 6.2" x 9.2"

Customer Reviews

Those who fail to learn from history are forced to repeat it

Imagine this: a never popular President is coming to the end of his second term. The public is tired of the bad economy, tired his failed war policies and tired of him. In November, the incumbant's party is handed a decisive defeat and loses the presidency and along with it Congress. 2008? No...1920. Though to be sure, the two elections have many differences, what unifies them...apart from the forgoing...is the sense of drama they had and the ardent and very modern way in which they were fought. As promised, 1920 is the story of six presidents: Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, it's also the story of so much more. But first...as to the presidents... On Teddy Roosevelt, this book makes the important point that but for his death, Teddy Roosevelt probably would have won the election of 1920. As already indicated, Wilson was thoroughly detested by the public and the Repulican's were the seeming and sure winners. Though TR had squandered some of his party good will by bringing about a Replubican defeat in 1912 (TR bolted from the Republicans to head up an independent party ticket referred to as the Progressives...which actually outpolled the Republicans that year), TR was more than ready for a comeback. He'd mended his fences and seemed certain to be the standard bearer but for his sudden demise in 1919. As to Woodrow Wilson, this book touched on some important Wilson ground like the fact that Wilson initially opposed women's suffrage (he argued that they were by dint of gender subject to snap judgments), he resegregated the military (which was originally desegregated under Lincoln and had to be re-desegregated under Harry Truman), and he also pushed a League of Nations which would have ostensibly placed American military forces under the command of an international organization (and an ineffectual one at that too). Amazingly, Wilson actually wanted a third term in 1920. Not so amazingly, he only garnered two delegate votes in some forty four ballots at that year's Democratic convention. On Warren Harding, this book did a lot to rehabilitate the image of President who's suffered under history. Though by no means was Harding ever a great president, at least he was never guilty of the intentional wrong his predecessor did. And interestingly enough, Harding probably would have agreed with much of the his contemporary criticism like of his bad appointment of cronies whose corruption caused the Teapot Dome scandal. As to Calvin Coolidge, this book demonstrated that for all his bad appointments, Coolidge as vice president was not a bad Harding administration official. And for all the verbosity in politics...both then and now...it was hard not to like at least Coolidge's terse verbiage. One example cited in this book was where Coolidge observed that in running the Senate one had to understand "The Senate has one rule which is that is does whatever it wan

A Snapshot Of America

The Election of 1920 is unique in American history. Never before had so many men who either had been, or one day would be, President vied for the office at the same time. But for an untimely death, Theodore Roosevelt would have been the presumptive Republican nominee and, given the political conditions of the time, probably would have returned to the White House. In the White House, Woodrow Wilson remained felled by a stroke but stubbornly held onto power and the idea that he could run for a third term. From New York, a young, vigorous Franklin D. Roosevelt laid the groundwork for what would become the longest Presidency in history. Herbert Hoover, the hero of wartime procurement and post-war famine relief, struggled to with the idea of whether he was a Republican or a Democrat. Up in Massachusetts, a mild-mannered Calvin Coolidge was on the verge of shocking everyone. And, in Ohio, Warren G. Harding, a man with a past so checked that he couldn't possibly be considered a viable candidate today, was convinced by party insiders that he could in fact be President of the United States. In 1920: The Year Of The Six Presidents, David Pietrusza tells the story of this election, but, more than that, he tells the story of what was happening in America in the years after World War One and on the cusp of the Jazz Age. Through it all, Piestruza weaves together a compelling narrative that brings to life events whose consequences reverberated through the 20th Century. There are plenty of surprises here. The stubbornness with which the ailing Woodrow Wilson, who probably should have been removed from office to begin with, pursued the idea of a third term in office (to the point where he was willing to sabotage the campaigns of Democratic rivals) was rather shocking, but it was also consistent with the unbending, uncompromising zeal with which he pursued the doomed League of Nations. Similarly, the star power of Herbert Hoover, who is remembered by history as one of America's great failed Presidents, is something that is missing from the version of history that is popular today. There was even, at the time, a suggestion that Hoover would run as a Democrat on a ticket with Franklin D. Roosevelt, the man who would replace him in 1932. Pietrusza also writes about the great social issues of the day and how they impacted the Presidential election. Prohibition, once the cause of religious leaders and gadflys, had become so popular that even previously "wet" politicians felt compelled to support it and, in Harding's case, vote for the 18th Amendment in the Senate. Women's suffrage, which had been largely ignored by the Wilson Administration, picked up steam; but nobody really knew how it might affect the 1920 election. And, of course, race was an issue. Not just in the South but everywhere and, at one point, a crackpot Ohio college professor, aided by state Democrats, published several anonymous tracts claiming that Harding was 1/8th negro. There are other stories

Who is "presidential timber"?

I often wonder where odd phrases originate. "Presidential timber", which is used by many folks in this book obviously means that they believe a certain person is capable of being president. That doesn't, however, explain the root of the phrase, which to me sounds awfully silly. Anyway, this is an extremely well-written book, and gives us history in a most agreeable manner, not bogging the reader down with pedantic observations or footnote-necessary passages. The author tells his story in a breezy style, and the reader learns quite a bit about the men who were, or sought to be, presdient in the early part of the 20th century. There were some shocks for me: I knew that FDR had a "girlfriend" with him when he died, but I never knew he was a serial philanderer from his youth. The fact that his mistress had a bedroom right next to his in the White House blew my mind! Now I know why FDR is Bill Clinton's favorite president. Read this book, and you will learn a lot about politics 100 years ago, and will gain a new admination for Calvin Coolidge, who really is the example of honesty and upright living, both in and out of the presidency.

Splendid History

This is a splendidly written chronicle of the contest to succeed President Wilson in 1920. For a person not steeped in the era, there are many unexpected twists and turns. Among the most surprising: the zeal with which the ailing, wildly unpopular Wilson pursued a potential third term. Another: the vigorous courtship -- equally ardent among Dems and Reps alike -- of Herbert Hoover, the Great Humanitarian hero of WWI. One scenario had Hoover at the top of the Democratic ticket, with, of all people, FDR as his runningmate. Talk about ironies of history! Harding emerges as a sympathetic, but flawed figure, with a penchant for personal risk-taking that makes Bill Clinton or Gary Hart seem cautious by comparison. His serial affairs nearly undid his candidacy. Instead, we learn how fellow Ohioan Harry Daugherty brilliantly engineered Harding's nomination by not alienating anyone at the Republican convention. Daugherty would later meet an ignominous end as Harding's AG. Another tragic figure, Interior Secretary Albert Fall, might have avoided infamy -- and spared the country the Teapot Dome scandal -- had Harding's first choice for the cabinent post not been shot dead in a lover's quarrel. This is one of many eye-opening revelations -- too numerous to recount -- for anyone who thinks that salacious affairs are only the stuff of modern politics. I thoroughly enjoyed this book. Pietrusza is a gifted wordsmith who's penned well paced, highly accessible popular history.

Another Pietrusza Triumph

Once again David Pietrusza has produced an outstanding work of history and biography, this one dealing with the fascinating machinations that went into the presidential election of 1920. The author of numerous works on the history of baseball and major biographies of Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis and gangster Arnold Rothstein now returns to his favorite era to bring us the wisdom, the wit, the follies and the foibles of not only the six once and future presidents, but of a supporting cast that includes the colorful and the quirky, the lovable and the loathsome, the brilliant and the batty of the political and social world of 1920. In many ways it was a time not unlike our own, but in many others so completely different that the America of 85 years ago seems barely recognizable. This is a story so well-told that only the duties of life kept me from reading its 544 pages straight through. This is no plodding tome. Every page is alive, every chapter a well-constructed gem. He begins with sketches of the major players, then masterfully weaves them into the events of the day: the peace negotiations ending World War I, the battle over the League of Nations, prohibition, the women's suffrage amendment, the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the peculiar hobby of lynching, the effect of the Bolshevik Revolution on domestic radicals, Sacco and Vanzetti, the Boston Police Strike. We see a young (38) and vigorous Franklin D. Roosevelt, pre-polio, dashing across the street from his own driveway to the home of the Attorney General, on whose front steps a domestic radical has just accidentally blown himself up. We find a calm and rather dull Warren G. Harding promising the country a return to normalcy in foreign and domestic affairs (with domestic affairs of his own anything but normal). There's the genuine world hero Herbert Hoover who toys with the idea of running for president and manages to win several primaries both as a Republican and a Democrat, and who is presented with the enticing possibility of joining forces with FDR in a kind of fusion candidacy. Then there is the sitting president Woodrow Wilson who has lost nearly all his grip on the presidency and quite a bit of his grip on reality as he vainly attempts from his sick bed to engineer a third term for himself. And, larger than life, looms the all but annointed obvious candidate and odds-on favorite for 1920, Theodore Roosevelt, whose sudden death in 1919 suddenly throws the race wide open. The story of his old friend, and sometime opponent, former president William Howard Taft attending TR's funeral should bring a tear to your eye. And Calvin Coolidge. A man of few words, perhaps, but the ones he chooses are sheer poetry, and a collection of his speeches distributed at the Republican convention leads to a stampede to nominate him for Vice President against the choice of Harding and the party bosses. A look ahead at his ascendancy on the death of Harding, being sworn in by his notary public